https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06200-8
Regular Article
Multi-components fluid in f(R, T) gravity with observational constraints
1
Department of Mathematics, Goverment College Bandri, Sagar, India
2
Centre for Space Research, North-West University, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa
3
Physics Department, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
4
Department of Physics, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
5
Department of Mathematics, Goverment TRS College Rewa, 486001, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
6
Department of Mathematics and statistics, Imam Mohammaad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 13318, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
7
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, 11115, Khartoum, Sudan
Received:
10
July
2024
Accepted:
7
March
2025
Published online:
28
March
2025
In this paper, the accelerating expansion of the universe has been investigated in the multi-components fluid in the coupling of geometry with matter alternative theory f(R, T) gravity, where the gravitational Lagrangian is given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar R and of the trace of the stress-energy tensor T. To address the late-time accelerating universe, we solve the Friedmann equations via the nonzero divergence of the energy-momentum tensor considered in the presence of a multi-component fluid. The best-fit values of the model parameters are determined using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation using the cosmic chronometers (CC) dataset, which consists of 31 points and the recent Pantheon+ analysis of 1701 light curves of 1550 distinct Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) ranging in redshift from 
to 2.26. The trajectory of the deceleration parameter indicates that the universe has transitioned from a deceleration phase to an acceleration phase. We also look into the behavior of the jerk and snap parameters, the statefinder analysis, the om diagnostic, and the effective EoS parameter. It is shown that the model considered is consistent with the accelerating universe and the predictions of the quintessence model at present.
© The Author(s) 2025
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