https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05738-3
Regular Article
Application of engineered aperture configurations in laser-based microscopy
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
Received:
18
July
2024
Accepted:
10
October
2024
Published online:
1
November
2024
We propose five models of aperture seeking to improve the point spread function and resolution of optical microscopes as compared with uniform circular and annular apertures. In the 1st model, we make four circles varied quadratically, and the other four circles of the Hamming function where all the eight circles are surrounded by an annulus. In the 2nd model, we assumed an aperture composed of an annulus, four uniform circles placed along the cartesian coordinates, and another four circles of a Hamming function placed along rotated coordinates by an angle of 45°. In the 3rd model, we have the same arrangement as the 2nd model, replacing the Hamming function with a quadratic distribution. The 4th model has eight circles of Hamming function, while the 5th model has eight quadratic variations. We defined the point spread function (PSF) as the Fourier transform corresponding to the aperture function for a point object. We compare the PSF corresponding to the above five models with the corresponding PSF in the case of transparent eight circles surrounded by an annulus. In addition, the above PSF is compared with the PSF for transparent circular and annular apertures. We obtained a compromise of microscopic resolution and image contrast using the 5 aperture models. We investigated the speckle images produced by the proposed models of apertures. We showed that the proposed aperture configuration results in speckles of lower contrast that makes the system suitable for speckle-free microscopic techniques that use the laser as the light source.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
