https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05690-2
Regular Article
Enhancement of heat transfer rate and lubrication of palm oil as cutting fluid using nanoparticles: applications in manufacturing industries
1
Department of Mathematics, Islamia College Peshawar, 25000, Peshawar, Pakistan
2
School of Computing Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Khanpur Road, Mang Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
3
Department of Mathematics, City University of Science & Information Technology, (CUSIT), 25000, Peshawar, Pakistan
4
Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, 11952, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
a zahid.na01@gmail.com, khan.zahid@paf-iast.edu.pk
Received:
19
August
2023
Accepted:
25
September
2024
Published online:
16
October
2024
Mineral oils are commonly used as cutting fluids; however, their use comes with the potential for soil contamination. Hence, vegetable oils could be a possible solution. Vegetable oils are currently investigated as potential environmentally friendly sources for cutting oils. However, significant improvements are needed to enhance the heat transfer rate of these conventional cutting oils for cooling purposes. Keeping in mind, the significance of the nanoparticles in heat transfer applications, the present research investigates the need for efficient and sustainable cutting fluids, analyzes the potential of vegetable oils as a base fluid, and considered palm oil as a base fluid with promising results for their prospective role as cutting, lubricating, and heat transfer fluids. 
-NPs are suspended in the base fluid for heat transfer rate enhancement. More precisely, the present study examines the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a second-grade dusty nanofluid between two vertical plates. To formulate the flow phenomena, partial differential equations are employed. In contrast with the preceding published research, the governing equations of the fluid flow are transformed into a time-fractional model from their constitutive equations before dimensionalization by employing Fick’s and Fourier’s laws. The nondimensional fractionalized equations are solved by the joint application of the Laplace and Fourier sine transforms. However, Zakian’s numerical approach is employed to find the final solution of the velocity profile. Furthermore, the impact of different embedded physical parameters on temperature, concentration, and velocity profiles is calculated using Python software and visualized through graphs. Quantities of engineering interests, including skin friction, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number, are tabulated. It is worth mentioning that the fluid’s velocity diminishes with increasing 
, 
, and 
. An addition of 
-NPs significantly increases the heat transfer rate at the left plates to 
, respectively.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
