https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05268-y
Regular Article
Singularity of Lagrangian and Finkelstein–Rubinstein constraints
1
Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Tabriz, 5166616471, Tabriz, Iran
2
Department of Physics, University of Garmian, 46021, Kalar, , KRG, Iraq
Received:
23
December
2023
Accepted:
10
May
2024
Published online:
5
July
2024
In this paper, we examine the constraints that arise from the singularity of the Skyrme, Faddeev and BPS models when treated as constrained Hamiltonian systems. The application of the Dirac’s method to the quantization of these systems gives rise to constraints that determine the permissible states by influencing the wave functions. We find that the spin-isospin symmetry group generated by these constraints leads to the Finkelstein–Rubinstein (FR) constraints for continuous symmetries. In the previous studies, the FR constraints have been determined through the FR quantization approach within the configuration space of these models. Our research indicates that the singularity in the effective Lagrangian of thses models is the origin of the constraints imposed by the FR continuous symmetries in the moduli space.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
