https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05150-x
Regular Article
Constraining the fractal Chern–Simons modified gravity with astronomical observations and estimation of the fractal dimension of the universe
1
Center of Excellence in Quantum Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand
2
Quantum-Atom Optics Laboratory and Research Center for Quantum Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand
3
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand
4
Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Received:
22
January
2024
Accepted:
2
April
2024
Published online:
20
April
2024
We study the late-time cosmological dynamics of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker fractal universe based on power counting renormalizable field in dynamical Chern–Simons modified gravity living in a fractal spacetime. The model is characterized by a time-varying gravitational constant and two-fluids which impose a non-violation of the Bianchi identity. Several plausible solutions of the field's equations characterized by power-law evolutions have been discussed. We have constrained our model with recent astronomical data based on Hubble Space Telescope, Type Ia supernovae (SNe) data + SH0ES program, Quasar lensing system RXJ1131-1231, etc., which offers different measurements of the Hubble parameter (Hubble tension) and recent data obtained from LEGA-C ESO. It was observed that the universe is acceleratedly expanding wit time and its fractal dimension lies between 2 and 2.5. Additional features have been obtained and discussed.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
