https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-04941-6
Regular Article
Numerical analysis of double-diffusive free convection in a curvilinear cavity filled with nanofluid and triple fins attached to the hot walls
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, 58001, Ad-Diwaniyah, Iraq
2
College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq
3
Department of Business Administration, College of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
4
Department of Information Technology, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
5
Optics Techniques Department, College of Technology and Health Sciences, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51005, Hillah, Iraq
6
Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Salt Lake, 700106, Kolkata, India
Received:
4
July
2023
Accepted:
25
January
2024
Published online:
9
February
2024
This work has numerically investigated the double diffusion of free convection in a curvilinear enclosure filled with nanoliquid and containing fins with heat generation/absorption. The considered enclosure, the curvilinear cavity, has triple fins connected to the inclined walls, which are hot and have a high intensity of solutal; however, the top wall is cold and low intensity of solutal. The bottom walls, as well as the vertical walls, are considered to be isotopically insulated. The parameters that are considered are Rayleigh (from 103 to 105), Hartmann (from 0 to 60), heat generation/absorption, q, (− 4 to 3), bouncy ratio (N = − 4 to 4), Lewis number (Le = 0.5–10), volume concentration (Φ = 0–0.06) at fixed Prandtl number. The governing equations have been numerically solved and applying the FEM technique. The important findings explain how heat and mass transfer can be improved by increasing the value of Ra, q, and Φ while decreasing with the increase in Ha. Also, the rise of the N ratio and Le number until (N = 2), where the reduction value reaches 44% from (N = − 4) to (N = 2) at (Le = 0.5), and the effect of both N and Le become negligible for (N > 2). Furthermore, the value of Shavg has the same behaviour as Nuavg with N, where Shavg decreases with increasing N and increases with increasing Le, where maximum mass transfer enhancement reaches 65% at N = − 4. The effects of N and Le become negligible at N = 2.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
