https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-04933-6
Regular Article
Ferrohydrodynamic mixed convection in Fe
O
-water/EG or Ni
Fe-water/EG ferrofluid in a porous square vented enclosure
Department of Mathematics, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Mona, Jamaica
Received:
25
September
2023
Accepted:
23
January
2024
Published online:
6
February
2024
In this study, we look at the effects of various parameters on mixed convection in ferrofluid within a square porous medium with a heated bottom wall subjected to a non-uniform magnetic field and compare the heat transfer performance of water/EG-based magnetite (FeO
) and awaruite (Ni
Fe) ferrofluids. The Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model is used for modelling ferrofluid flow through the porous medium, and the non-uniform magnetic field is generated using three current-carrying wires located below the heated wall. The finite difference method is used to solve the system of nonlinear governing equations, and graphical results for streamlines, isotherms and local Nusselt number are generated via MATLAB. We find that increasing the natural convection, forced convection and magneto convection, all significantly enhance the heat transfer from the bottom wall and also increase the local Nusselt number on the hot wall. A local minimum and maximum Nusselt number are identified on the heated wall at positions
and
respectively when forced convection is more prominent. An increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction, Darcy number or the magnetocaloric effect also enhances the heat transfer in system and the local Nusselt number. In particular, when the magnetocaloric effect and permeability of the porous material are large, natural convection is dominated by forced convection and magnetoconvection. It is also seen that the overall heat transfer performance is better for the Ni
Fe ferrofluid than the Fe
O
ferrofluid. This study has potential applications in fields such as thermal engineering, particularly in the design of cooling systems for electronic devices or nuclear reactors.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.