https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04712-9
Regular Article
Toward an environmental friendly operation of the CBM-TOF system
1
Physikalisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120, Heidelberg, Baden Württemberg, Germany
2
National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI Rm. Valcea, str. Uzinei, nr. 4, 240050, Rm. Valcea, Romania
3
Hadron Physics Department (HPD), National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Str. Reactorului, 077125, Măgurele, Romania
4
Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Qinhuan Yuan, 100084, Beijing, China
5
Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
6
State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
a
deppner@physi.uni-heidelberg.de
Received:
17
July
2023
Accepted:
20
November
2023
Published online:
5
December
2023
The future fixed target high-rate compressed baryonic matter (CBM) experiment is one of the experimental pillars of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) located in Darmstadt/Germany. In order to provide an excellent particle identification (PID) of charged hadrons, the CBM-time-of-flight (TOF) group has developed a concept of a 120 m
large TOF wall with a system time resolution below 80 ps based on multi-gap resistive plate chambers (MRPC). Currently, timing MRPC systems are operated with a gas mixture based on tetrafluoroethane (R134a, C
HF
) with additions of few vol% quencher gases, e.g., sulfur hexafluoride (SF
) or/and isobutane (i-CH
). Unfortunately, these gas mixtures have a high global warming potential (GWP) in the order of 1500, and therefore, strategies to reduce the environmental impact have to be developed. The various possibilities, including studies on eco-friendly gases, and the considered strategy by the CBM-TOF group will be elaborated in this article.
© The Author(s) 2023
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