https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04426-y
Regular Article
Analysis of a significant Forbush depression of solar cycles 24 and 25 (2008–2021)
1
Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhur, El Beheira, Egypt
2
Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
3
Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
4
Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
5
Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
6
Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
7
BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester, UK
Received:
21
July
2023
Accepted:
30
August
2023
Published online:
19
September
2023
Six large Forbush decrease (FD) events of solar cycles 24 and 25 from 2008 to 2021 were recorded from five neutron monitoring stations in Rome, Moscow, Fort smith, Oulu, and Thule around the world. These events were recorded on (November 3, 2021, July 15, 2017, September 6, 2017, June 21, 2015, September 11, 2014, and March 7, 2012). An investigation has been carried out in an effort to comprehend the possible factors that played a role in the occurrence of the large FD. During the investigation, various extreme solar and interplanetary events were analyzed. These include sunspot numbers, the disturbance storm time (Dst) index, and the Ap index. We also analyzed the solar wind parameters like speed, density, temperature, and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz component. During the event period, there is a sudden decrease in the Dst index similar to the Forbush decrease. The increase in the number of sunspots that occurred prior to the beginning of the FD provides evidence that this phenomenon may be connected to the occurrence of solar flares, which further influences the variation in cosmic rays. It is found a substantial southerly Bz dip, a sharp increase in solar wind temperature and speed, and no discernible density influence was seen in any significant FD.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
