https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04412-4
Regular Article
A hidden self-interacting dark matter sector with first-order cosmological phase transition and gravitational wave
1
Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, 100124, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
2
CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
3
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Received:
15
February
2023
Accepted:
24
August
2023
Published online:
4
September
2023
A dark scalar mediator can easily realize the self-interacting dark matter scenario and satisfy the constraint of the relic density of the dark matter. When the hidden sector is highly decoupled from the visible sector, the constraints from direct and indirect detections of dark matter are rather relaxed. The gravitational waves produced by the first-order phase transition resulted from this dark scalar mediator will be an important signature to probe such a dark sector. In this work, a generic quartic finite-temperature potential is used to induce a strong first-order phase transition. A joint analysis of the self-interacting dark matter, the relic density of the dark matter and the first-order phase transition show that the mass range of the dark scalar is about 
. For the dark matter, when the temperature ratio 
between the hidden sector and the visible sector is larger than 0.1, its mass range is found to be (10 MeV–10 GeV). The produced gravitational waves are found to have a peak frequency of 
for a temperature ratio 
, which may be detectable in future measurements.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
