https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04371-w
Regular Article
Numerical investigation of the hybrid ferrofluid flow in a heterogeneous porous channel with convectively heated and quadratically stretchable walls
1
Srinivasa Ramanujan Department of Mathematics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur Campus, 176206, Shahpur, India
2
Department of Mathematics, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, 583105, Ballari, Karnataka, India
3
School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, 04763, Seoul, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Mathematics, University of Central Florida, 32186, Orlando, FL, USA
Received:
18
April
2023
Accepted:
10
August
2023
Published online:
23
August
2023
The spatial heterogeneity in the porosity and permeability of the porous media is noticed in the catalytic reactors, composite materials, turbomachinery, groundwater remediation, filters, oil recovery, physiological processes, biological tissues and arteries. In the complex porous arrangement, the fluid follows a preferred path constituting a channelling effect. This channelling phenomenon occurring in such porous beds is considered here for the investigation with the novel inclusion of quadratically stretchable but convectively heated walls of the channel. In this study, the flow and temperature modulations in the hybrid ferrofluid flow due to the combined influence of Kelvin and Lorentz forces are examined. The heterogeneous porous channel is stretched quadratically in the fluid flow direction. The Carman–Kozeny correlation is used to estimate the permeability of the medium by taking the exponential variations in the porosity across the width of the channel. The mathematical model for the problem is developed and is further reduced to a self-similar form with the help of proper similarity transformations. The Chebyshev pseudospectral quasi-linearization scheme is utilized to obtain the optimal numerical information. A numerical survey is performed in the form of a comparative analysis between the heterogeneous porous medium (HePM) and homogeneous porous medium (HoPM). The interesting convection transfer mode is found to be dominant for HePM, whereas the substantial conduction transfer mode is noted for HoPM. The Nusselt number is pronounced with the uplifted values of the ferromagnetic number and nonlinear stretching constant. However, it is hampered with the Hartmann number and bead diameter number.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
