https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-03971-w
Regular Article
On the apodized integrated Bragg grating as a binary generator in SI-MZI circuits comprising double closed-loop interferometer
1
Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshju Blvd., 19839 69411, Evin, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshju Blvd., 19839 69411, Evin, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Xiamen University, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
4
International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Building 1A, 718 East Haizhou Rd., 314400, Haining, Zhejiang, China
Received:
15
November
2022
Accepted:
11
April
2023
Published online:
19
April
2023
The spectral response of four Mach–Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs)-based silicon photonic circuits integrated with/without apodized corrugated waveguide gratings comprising common feature of two serially connected closed-loop interferometers (CLIs) was investigated theoretically and experimentally. These CLIs with serial connection naturally alter the phase of signal in nonlinear manner and effectively produce a noisy signal. The apodized corrugated waveguide design was optimized to ensure side-lobe suppression, and used as a part of CLI arm in photonic circuits. The interferometers with balanced and/or unbalanced arms were examined to control phase modulation in a constructive manner. Analyses revealed that positioning four apodized corrugated waveguides in balanced arms of two closed-loop MZIs critically governs phase modulation constructively to produce spectra with sine waves over the wavelength range of ~ 1540–1550 nm. This region with discriminating frequency and obvious sine shape property is unique, and can be interpreted as the symbol “1” and the rest of the spectrum with noisy feature can present the symbol ‘0’ in a binary system.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
