https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-03662-6
Regular Article
Quantum sealed-bid auction using the phases of quantum entangled states as bids
Department of Information Sciences and Arts, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, 350-8585, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
Received:
16
August
2022
Accepted:
4
January
2023
Published online:
16
January
2023
Today, various processes are being carried out on the Internet. Therefore, we need to think about security on the Internet since various confidential information is also communicated. Quantum information such as quantum cryptography also plays an important role in the security. Moreover, many quantum applications are also proposed. In this paper, we focus on sealed-bid auction on the Internet and propose a quantum sealed-bid auction with entanglement. The advantage of our protocol is that it uses the phases of quantum entangled states as bid prices. Therefore, no one, including legitimate parties, can steal useful information such as bid prices unless all the states are obtained. As a result, any information is not leaked to any outside attacker, bidders cannot know each other’s bid prices, and the auctioneer can only obtain the highest bid price.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
