https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03251-z
Regular Article
Efficient scheme for preparing hybrid GHZ entangled states with multiple types of photonic qubits in circuit QED
1
School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
2
School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
3
Quantum Information Research Center, Shangrao Normal University, 334001, Shangrao, China
c
sqp@hznu.edu.cn
d
yangcp@hznu.edu.cn
Received:
8
July
2022
Accepted:
1
September
2022
Published online:
14
September
2022
Hybrid entangled states are of fundamental interest in quantum physics and have significant applications in hybrid quantum communication and quantum computation. A great amount of work has been devoted to creating hybrid entangled states using two kinds of quantum systems or two types of qubits. Attention has been recently shifted to preparing hybrid entangled states with three kinds of quantum systems or three types of qubit encodings. Using three cavities coupled to a superconducting qutrit (i.e., a three-level quantum system), here we present a scheme to prepare a hybrid tripartite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state with three types of photonic qubits, each type containing one photonic qubit. By using a superconducting qutrit to couple three groups of cavities, we further show that the scheme can be generalized to create a hybrid multipartite GHZ entangled state with three types of photonic qubits, each type containing multiple photonic qubits. This scheme has the following features and advantages. The GHZ state preparation requires only a single step of operation. The hardware resources are greatly reduced since only one qutrit is needed to couple all cavities. The GHZ state is deterministically created because no measurement is required. The operational time required for the GHZ state preparation does not increase with the number of qubits. Moreover, during the GHZ state preparation, the coupler qutrit stays in the ground state and thus decoherence from the coupler qutrit is significantly suppressed. As an example, we further discuss the experimental feasibility of creating a hybrid tripartite GHZ state with three types of photonic qubits, each type containing one photonic qubit. This proposal is universal and can be extended to create the proposed hybrid GHZ state in a wide range of physical system, which consists of microwave or optical cavities coupled to a qutrit such as a three-level natural or artificial atom.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
