Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2022) 137: 336
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02548-3

Regular Article

Gravitational weak lensing by black hole in Horndeski gravity in presence of plasma

¹ Inha University in Tashkent, Ziyolilar 9, 100170, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
² Akfa University, Milliy Bog’ Street 264, 111221, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
³ National University of Uzbekistan, 100174, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
⁴ Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, 80 Nandan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
⁵ Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Astronomy St 33, 100052, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
⁶ Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University TIIAME, Kori Niyoziy 39, 100000, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
⁷ Institute of Nuclear Physics, 100214, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Received: 3 January 2022
Accepted: 1 March 2022
Published online: 12 March 2022

Abstract

We have studied the effect of both (i) uniformly and (ii) non-uniformly distributed plasma on gravitational lensing around static black hole in Horndeski gravity. It is observed that the influence of the Horndeski gravity’s parameter q on the deflection angle of the light plays an important role and it increases the deflection angle in comparison with that in the standard Schwarzschild black hole environment. We simultaneously took into account the action of the surrounding plasma and compared the deflection angle for two types of plasma distribution at fixed value of parameter q. It is shown that for the gravitation lensing phenomena in environment of static black hole in Horndeski gravity, influence of uniform plasma medium is more efficient than that of non-uniform plasma as it was expected. Additionally, we have studied magnification of images in vicinity of Horndeski black hole by plasma medium.