Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2021) 136: 1156
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02137-w

Regular Article

Effective utilization of green synthesized CuO nanoparticles for the preparation of keto-1,2,3-triazole analogues of protected amino acids/dipeptide acids and recyclable catalyst for the optimization and kinetic study of biodiesel production

¹ Department of Chemistry, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, 572 103, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
² Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, 562 112, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
³ Department of Mechanical Engg., Siddaganga Institute of Technology, 572 103, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
⁴ Department of Chemistry, Channabasaveshwara Institute of Technology, 572216, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India

^c lalithambasit@yahoo.co.in, hslalithamba@gmail.com

Received: 28 July 2021
Accepted: 2 November 2021
Published online: 18 November 2021

Abstract

Heterogeneous nano-copper oxide catalyst was prepared via a simple eco-friendly, solution combustion method using novel seed extract of Terminalia bellirica and characterized by various techniques like powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The prepared catalyst demonstrated a greater catalytic activity towards the synthesis of N^α-protected amino keto-1,2,3-triazoles analogues via the three-component reaction among amino acyl chloride derivatives of protected amino acids/dipeptide acids, phenylacetylene and sodium azide. Further, synthesized CuO nanoparticles were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis, revealed that nano-CuO have significant activity. In addition, nano-CuO showed an excellent catalytic activity in biodiesel production optimization from Terminalia bellirica oil and achieved 97% yield of Terminalia bellirica methyl ester/biodiesel with optimum conditions of 3.5 wt% catalyst loading, 9:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 65 °C temperature and 60 min reaction time. From the kinetic study of biodiesel production at different temperatures activation energy (E_a) of 38.06 kJ/mol and frequency factor (A) of 2.2 × 10⁴ min⁻¹ was observed. The fuel properties of produced biodiesel were in the range of ASTM standards.