Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2021) 136: 1057
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01981-0

Regular Article

New measurement of residues from ${}^{12}$C+${}^{93}$Nb by the activation technique: a closer look at the reaction mechanisms

¹ Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
² Radiochemistry Division and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India

^b moumita.maiti@ph.iitr.ac.in

Received: 19 April 2021
Accepted: 21 September 2021
Published online: 20 October 2021

Abstract

A little has been known about the behavior of ${}^{12}$C induced reactions on medium mass targets. Owing to the projectile’s tightly bound nature, the phenomenon of incomplete fusion seemed less probable. However, a significant admixture of incomplete and complete fusion processes has been reported. The present article aims to study ${}^{12}$C induced reaction on ${}^{93}$Nb through the activation technique at a relatively low energy range, within $\approx$ 3.3–6.3 MeV/u. Excitation functions of fourteen residues from various channels have been measured at twelve energy points to navigate the reaction process. Our study finds that the reaction mostly follows the complete fusion process governed by the pre-equilibrium mechanism, whereas the incomplete fusion process plays a minor role in explaining the results. Hauser–Feshbach and exciton model-based calculations from EMPIRE-3.2.2 with variations in level density have shown a good agreement in most reaction channels. Additional calculations from the statistical model code PACE4 have also been incorporated to understand the reaction process better.