https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00734-9
Regular Article
Stringent constraints on the light boson model with supermassive black hole spin measurements
1
Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210033, Nanjing, China
2
School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
3
Joint Center for Particle, Nuclear Physics and Cosmology, Nanjing University – Purple Mountain Observatory, 210093, Nanjing, China
4
School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250358, Jinan, China
5
Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
b
fenglei@pmo.ac.cn
c
yuanq@pmo.ac.cn
d
yzfan@pmo.ac.cn
Received:
4
August
2020
Accepted:
29
August
2020
Published online:
8
September
2020
Massive bosons, such as light scalars and vector bosons, can lead to instabilities of rotating black holes by the superradiance effect, which extracts energy and angular momentum from rapidly rotating black holes effectively. This process results in spinning-down of black holes and the formation of boson clouds around them. In this work, we used the masses and spins of supermassive black holes measured from the ultraviolet/optical or X-ray observations to constrain the model parameters of the light bosons. We find that the mass range of light bosons from 
to 
eV can be largely excluded by a set of supermassive black holes (including also the extremely massive ones OJ 287, Ton 618, and SDSS J140821.67+025733.2), particularly for the vector boson scenario, which eliminates a good fraction of the so-called fuzzy dark matter parameter regions. For the scalar bosons with self-interaction, most part of the mass range from 
to eV with a decay constant 
GeV can be excluded, which convincingly eliminate the QCD axions at these masses.
© Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020. corrected publication 2021
