Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2019) 134: 107
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2019-12447-y

Regular Article

Darcy-Forchheimer flow and heat transfer of water-based Cu nanoparticles in convergent/divergent channel subjected to particle shape effect

¹ Department of Mathematics, SJM Institute of Technology, 577502, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
² Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Sultan Endowment for Energy and Environment, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, 31952, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
³ RAK Research and Innovation Center, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates

^* e-mail: ganikganesh@gmail.com

Received: 23 January 2018
Accepted: 4 December 2018
Published online: 18 March 2019

Abstract

The current study provides a comprehensive numerical investigation of flow and heat transfer of water-based Cu nanoparticles over a convergent/divergent channel. In order to control the random motion of nanoparticles, Darcy-Forchheimer, particle shape effect and viscous dissipation are also incorporated for the present mechanism. The resulting system of nonlinear equations is solved numerically by using the RKF-45 method. Expressions for the velocity and temperature profile are derived and plotted under the assumption of a flow parameter. The influence of various parameters on surface drag force and heat transfer rates have been discussed with the help of tables and plots.