https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2017-11398-7
Regular Article
Noncommutative cosmological model in the presence of a phantom fluid
Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, CEP 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
* e-mail: gilneto@fisica.ufjf.br
Received:
10
January
2017
Accepted:
6
February
2017
Published online:
22
March
2017
We study noncommutative classical Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological models. The constant curvature of the spatial sections can be positive (
), negative (
) or zero (
). The matter is represented by a perfect fluid with negative pressure, phantom fluid, which satisfies the equation of state 
, with 
, where p is the pressure and 
is the energy density. We use Schutz's formalism in order to write the perfect fluid Hamiltonian. The noncommutativity is introduced by nontrivial Poisson brackets between few variables of the models. In order to recover a description in terms of commutative variables, we introduce variables transformations that depend on a noncommutative parameter (
). The main motivation for the introduction of the noncommutativity is trying to explain the present accelerated expansion of the universe. We obtain the dynamical equations for these models and solve them. The solutions have four constants: , a parameter associated with the fluid energy C, k, 
and the initial conditions of the models variables. For each value of , we obtain different equations of motion. Then, we compare the evolution of the universe in the noncommutative models with the corresponding commutative ones (
). The results show that 
is very useful for describing an accelerating universe. We also obtain estimates for the noncommutative parameter . Then, using those values of , in one of the noncommutative cosmological models with a specific value of , we compute the amount of time those universes would take to reach the big rip.
© Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2017
