https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2012-12025-y
Regular Article
Plotting the differences between data and expectation
1
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
2
Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, 10003, New York, NY, USA
* e-mail: gchouda@alum.mit.edu
Received:
22
November
2011
Revised:
6
February
2012
Accepted:
7
February
2012
Published online:
28
February
2012
This article proposes a way to improve the presentation of histograms where data are compared to expectation. Sometimes, it is difficult to judge by eye whether the difference between the bin content and the theoretical expectation (provided by either a fitting function or another histogram) is just due to statistical fluctuations. More importantly, there could be statistically significant deviations which are completely invisible in the plot. We propose to add a small inset at the bottom of the plot, in which the statistical significance of the deviation observed in each bin is shown. Even though the numerical routines which we developed have only illustration purposes, it comes out that they are based on formulae which could be used to perform statistical inference in a proper way.
© Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer, 2012
