https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2011-11030-0
Regular Article
FRW universe models in conformally flat-spacetime coordinates III: Universe models with positive spatial curvature
Faculty of Engineering, Oslo University College, St.Olavs Plass, 4, N-0130, Oslo, Norway
* e-mail: steinar.johannesen@iu.hio.no
Received:
3
February
2011
Accepted:
17
February
2011
Published online:
28
March
2011
We deduce general expressions for the line element of universe models with positive spatial curvature described by conformally flat-spacetime coordinates. Models with dust, radiation and vacuum energy are exhibited. Discussing the existence of particle horizons we show that there is continual annihilation of space, matter and energy in a dust- and radiation-dominated universe, and continual creation in a Lorentz Invariant Vacuum Energy (LIVE)-dominated universe when conformal time is used in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) models with positive spatial curvature. A general procedure is given for finding coordinates to be used in Penrose diagrams. We also calculate the age and the redshift of some universe models using conformal time.
© Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer, 2011
