https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07813-3
Regular Article
Anisotropic flow of heavy hadrons in Au + Au collisions at 
200 GeV using HYDJET++ framework
Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
a
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Received:
17
June
2025
Accepted:
11
May
2026
Published online:
27
May
2026
Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of the anisotropic flow of heavy hadrons (
, 
, and 
) in Au + Au collisions at 
GeV using the HYDJET++ model. This study aims to provide one of the first detailed qualitative predictions of 
for baryons, 
of mesons and baryons, as well as 
of , , and across different centrality classes. The modeling of anisotropic flow is performed using a centrality-dependent parameterization of the initial anisotropic geometry. Furthermore, to assess the performance of the HYDJET++ model relative to other theoretical approaches, we compare its results with those from DUKE, SUBATECH, TAMU, AMPT, PHSD, and LBT models. The HYDJET++ model predictions are qualitatively consistent with the other model predictions. The HYDJET++ model results are also consistent with STAR experimental measurements for central collisions. In peripheral collisions, the model follows the overall trend of the data but overestimates the experimental results up to 
GeV and underestimates them at higher 
. The model captures the centrality-dependent shift of the flow peak toward lower as collisions become more peripheral, which is attributed to weaker radial flow in such collisions. The model also reproduces important features such as the number-of-constituent-quark scaling, mass ordering, and baryon–meson grouping, consistent with experimental observations. Overall, our results highlight the efficacy of HYDJET++ in qualitatively describing the collective dynamics of heavy-flavor hadrons in the quark–gluon plasma medium.
Copyright comment Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
