https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07740-3
Regular Article
New analytical model of rotating black hole with dark matter halo: constraints from EHT observations and accretion disk
1
School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
2
Tashkent University of Applied Sciences, Gavhar Str. 1, 100149, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
3
Institute for Advanced Studies, New Uzbekistan University, Movarounnahr str. 1, 100000, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
4
Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University TIIAME, Kori Niyoziy 39, 100000, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
5
Tashkent State Technical University, 100095, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
6
Institute of Theoretical Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, 100174, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
7
Western Caspian University, AZ1001, Baku, Azerbaijan
8
Samarkand State University, National University of Uzbekistan, University Avenue 15, 140104, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
a
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b
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Received:
18
March
2026
Accepted:
23
April
2026
Published online:
8
May
2026
Abstract
In this paper, we begin with a static black hole (BH) embedded in a Dehnen-type dark matter (DM) halo and apply the Newman–Janis algorithm (NJA) to construct a rotating black hole solution surrounded by a dark matter halo. We then examine the validity of the resulting spacetime geometry. Furthermore, we investigate the optical properties of a newly obtained rotating BH in the DM halo, including the geometrical structure of the black hole shadow, the light deflection angle using the Ono–Ishihara–Asada (OID) method, the photon sphere, and the dependence of the shadow radius on the DM halo parameters. Additionally, assuming that the spacetime of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) is described by the newly obtained rotating solution, we constrain the model parameters using shadow size measurements from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) and Gravity collaboration observations of M87
and Sgr A. We further perform a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis to constrain the DM halo parameters 
and 
, as well as the BH mass M and the spin parameter a. Our results show that the best-fit values of and are consistent with previous results, supporting the physical reasonability of the proposed model considered here. Finally, we analyze the electromagnetic radiation flux from the rotating BH in the DM halo using a ray-tracing approach.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
