https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07729-y
Regular Article
Non-local material vacuum and Cherenkov radiation in nonlinear massive 3D Electrodynamics
1
Departamento de Física and Centro Científico-Tecnológico de Valparaíso-CCTVal, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
2
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
a
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Received:
6
February
2026
Accepted:
20
April
2026
Published online:
3
May
2026
Abstract
We examine the effects of electromagnetic field nonlinearities in 3 space-time dimensions. We focus on how these nonlinearities influence permittivity and susceptibility. This, in turn, leads to changes in the refractive index through the use of the dispersion relation in the context of massless and massive nonlinear electrodynamics. We also verify that, by inspecting the model addressed in the frequency/wave vector space, we identify the characteristics of a non-local material in the behavior of the vacuum, which exhibits a spatially dispersive profile. Furthermore, it is important to highlight that the cause of this phenomenon is the de Broglie–Proca mass term. We subsequently investigate the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a moving charged particle interacting with a medium for massless and massive nonlinear electrodynamics. Our findings indicate that the radiation is driven by the medium through which the particle travels, similar to what is observed in the Cherenkov effect.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
