https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07652-2
Regular Article
Dynamic instability and soliton evolution in optical fibers with temporal potential modulation
1
Centre for Nonlinear Systems, Chennai Institute of Technology, 600 069, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Physics, AMET University (AMET-IST Campus), 603 112, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
3
School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 38541, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
a
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Received:
16
December
2025
Accepted:
2
April
2026
Published online:
10
April
2026
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the dynamics of two optical beams propagating in a silicon-based nonlinear medium with Kerr nonlinearity and a nonuniform temporal potential. We model this system using the equations of (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger for fibers, which includes periodic and aperiodic structural modulations realized through refractive index variations. A modulational instability analysis is performed in the anomalous dispersion regime to investigate the influence of the potentials on beam dynamics. Some analytical solutions describing dark–bright soliton pairs, as well as dromion-like pulses presenting beam self-focusing, soliton formation, and cubic loss effects, are obtained by the modified Kudryashov method. As a whole, these results will provide strong theoretical guidelines for controlling complex beam evolution in structured optical fibers and support the feasibility of producing ultra-short (< 100 femtoseconds) pulses in the visible spectrum.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
