https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07307-2
Regular Article
Computational modeling of pulsatile two-fluid hemodynamics in a catheterized artery with multiple stenoses, permeable walls, and radially variable core viscosity
1
Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Annai Bharath, Annai Enclave, Mandikulam, Karuvanur (Post), 625014, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
a
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Received:
10
November
2025
Accepted:
10
January
2026
Published online:
8
April
2026
Abstract
Catheters play a crucial role in the treatment and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. This study presents a pulsatile two-fluid hemodynamic model of an artery with multiple stenoses and a permeable wall, incorporating the effects of catheterization and radially variable core viscosity. The core blood region is modeled as a Jeffrey fluid, while the peripheral plasma is considered Newtonian. The governing equations are simplified using non-dimensional variables under mild stenosis and low Reynolds number assumptions. The transformed equations and their corresponding boundary conditions are solved numerically using an unconditionally stable implicit Backward Euler scheme with second-order spatial discretization. Flow parameters such as velocity, impedance, and wall shear stress are computed numerically and presented graphically using MATLAB. The effects of physiologically relevant parameters such as the Jeffrey parameter, Womersley number, Darcy number, slip parameter, hematocrit, catheter size, shape, and height of the stenosis are analyzed. Results indicate that increasing the Jeffrey parameter and Darcy number enhances flow velocity while reducing impedance, whereas higher hematocrit and slip parameter values diminish velocity and elevate impedance. The salient feature is that increasing the catheter radius reduces flow velocity while raising impedance. For a fixed pressure gradient, when the blood rheology changes from the Newtonian fluid model to the Jeffrey fluid model in the core region, the pumping power increases.
Copyright comment Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
R. Tamil Selvi and R. Ponalagusamy have contributed equally to this work.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
