https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07466-2
Regular Article
Hexa-stable magnetic rolling pendulum for electromagnetic energy harvesting
1
School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
2
Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Application, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
a
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Received:
22
October
2025
Accepted:
18
February
2026
Published online:
3
March
2026
Abstract
This paper proposes a hexa-stable magnetic rolling pendulum electromagnetic energy harvester (HMRP EMEH) for harnessing energy from multidirectional environmental vibrations. A key advantage of the HMRP EMEH is its low damping, which makes it particularly sensitive to low-amplitude excitation. Numerical analysis from the dynamic model illustrates the harvester’s multiple vibrational patterns, which includes the intrawell oscillation, interwell chaotic oscillation, and the full rotational oscillation. Experiments involving sweep frequency excitation enable the harvester to achieve full rotational oscillation at low frequency and then continue to 24.87 Hz for 0.32 g excitation level, with a peak voltage of 4.4 V generated. Under stochastic excitation with proper excitation intensity, the oscillation of the HMRP EMEH could exhibit the chaotic behavior. Additionally, the impedance matching experiment, when subjected to harmonic excitation, yields a peak average power of 2 mW. Furthermore, a mere 5 s of hand-shaking excitation can power a timer to run for 242 s, highlighting the HMRP EMEH’s promising application prospects.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
