https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07386-1
Regular Article
A comparative analysis of cosmographic energy conditions in the f(R,T) gravity
1
Etec Carlos de Campos, Centro Paula Souza, Rua Monsenhor Andrade 798, 03009-100, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
2
Laboratório de Física Teórica e Computacional (LFTC), Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), Rua Galvão Bueno 868, 01506-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
a
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Received:
24
November
2025
Accepted:
30
January
2026
Published online:
13
February
2026
Abstract
The accelerated expansion of the universe has placed the standard cosmological model in serious theoretical (and even observational) difficulties. In an attempt to solve these problems, several alternative models have emerged in the last decades. However, none of them has been identified so far as a definitive solution. Cosmography, as a kinematic study of the universe, when used together with energy conditions, gives rise to the so-called cosmographic energy conditions. In the present article, we present a comparative study of cosmographic energy conditions in the f(R, T) gravity formalism, verifying whether the results are altered when using values for the parameters 
obtained via the usual Taylor expansion and the so-called rational approximations of Padé and Chebyshev, thus showing how cosmographic energy conditions can be used as a tool for model selection.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
