https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07329-w
Regular Article
A new class of viable stellar structure in 5D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
1
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, 066004, Qinhuangdao, China
2
Department of Mathematics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Vehari Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
3
Research center of Astrophysics and Cosmology, Khazar University, 41 Mehseti Street, AZ1096, Baku, Azerbaijan
4
Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Physical Sciences/ Physics Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
a
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Received:
18
September
2025
Accepted:
14
January
2026
Published online:
29
January
2026
Abstract
This study presents a new model of anisotropic quintessence compact stars within the framework of 5-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity (EGBG). To analyze the interior structure of the stellar configuration, we employ a static and spherically symmetric line element to derive the corresponding field equations in EGBG. The generalized Tolman–Kuchowicz metric potential is adopted to obtain exact solutions of the governing equations. By applying the continuity conditions at the boundary, we determine the numerical values of the constants appearing in the metric ansatz, using observational data for the mass and radius of the compact star. A comprehensive physical analysis is carried out by evaluating several key physical requirements to ensure the viability of the model. To this end, we derive analytical expressions for relevant physical quantities and present their graphical behavior. The stability of the model is assessed through the adiabatic index and Herrera’s cracking concept based on sound speed analysis. The effects of the Gauss–Bonnet coupling parameter 
, as well as the parameter n introduced via the generalized metric ansatz, are thoroughly examined. Furthermore, we explore the mass–radius relationship to evaluate the compactness factor and surface redshift of the stellar configuration. This comprehensive approach ensures that the proposed stellar model satisfies the fundamental physical criteria required for a realistic and stable compact object. Overall, the study enhances our understanding of dense astrophysical bodies and supports the development of EGBG theory, thereby paving the way for future investigations in this domain.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
