https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07289-1
Regular Article
Deterministic multiparty hierarchical remote implementation of an arbitrary single-qubit operation via partially entangled state
1
School of Physics and Electronic Information, Guangxi Minzu University, 530006, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
2
Key Lab of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, Organization, 530006, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
3
Guangxi Collage Engineering Research Center of Multi-modal Information Intelligent Sensing, Processing and Application, Organization, 530006, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
a
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Received:
4
August
2025
Accepted:
1
January
2026
Published online:
14
January
2026
Abstract
Most of previously protocols for remote state preparation via nonmaximally entangled state are probabilistic where the parameters of the entangled state are given to the receiver who accomplishes the task probabilistic by introducing the auxiliary qubits and performing unitary operation according to his knowledge of the entangled state. In this paper, we construct a partially entangled state and present a protocol for multiparty hierarchical controlled remote implementation of quantum operation (RIO) where the receivers have different authorities to prepare the desired state via the partially entangled state. Different from the previously protocols, the parameters of the quantum state are given to the high-grade agent. The unit success probability can be achieved via the partially entangled state since the high-grade agent can perform some proper rotation operations on his entangled qubit according to his knowledge of the parameters. The protocol requires the parties of the communication neither to have the maximally entangled state nor to implement nonlocal operations, which makes the scheme more convenient to applications than others. Moreover, the protocol for hierarchical controlled remote implementation of partially unknown operation is discussed.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07289-1.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
