https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-07286-w
Regular Article
Numerical study of enhanced heat transfer in stretchable/shrinkable fins using nanofluids: a parametric study
1
Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Indian Naval Academy, Kannur, Kerala, India
2
Department of Applied Sciences, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India
3
School of Law, Forensic Justice and Policy Studies, National Forensic Sciences University, 382007, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
4
Naval Materials Research Laboratory DRDO, Shil-Badlapur Road, 421506, Ambernath, India
a
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Received:
4
April
2025
Accepted:
30
December
2025
Published online:
20
January
2026
Abstract
Investigations concerning nanofluid heat transfer offer advantages across many technological and industrial sectors. Despite the research on porous media, the heat transfer of nanofluid fins has received limited focus. This research work considers the mathematical model for heat transfer in stretching or shrinking fins, accounting for temperature-varying heat conductivity, internal heat generation, and the coefficient of heat transfer. It is assumed that the parameters of the nanofluid remain fixed. Heat is transferred to the atmosphere by convection and radiation, which is augmented by nanofluids. We deal with the numerical simulation of the nonlinear model using the Legendre wavelet collocation method (LWCM). This study focuses on the variation of dimensionless parameters 
and v for studying the coupled effect on the behavior of the material with nanofluids. A comparison of the obtained results has been carried out in special and full model cases from previous work, which shows a good agreement. It has been found that a tapered, exponentially shaped fin has the greatest efficiency in releasing heat. The shrinking system significantly improves the cooling effect of the fin, especially when it is moving. The outcomes of the current work are believed to be utilized in optimizing and designing the fin shape in industrial fields.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
