https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-07215-x
Regular Article
Net-charge fluctuations in p-Pb collisions at 
= 5.02 TeV: insights from the AMPT model
1
Department of Physics, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Vivekananda Street, 736101, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
2
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, 700064, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
a
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Received:
20
June
2025
Accepted:
15
December
2025
Published online:
7
January
2026
Abstract
This study investigates event-by-event dynamical net-charge fluctuations in proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at 
5.02 TeV using the AMPT model in both string-melting and default modes. The analysis focuses on the fluctuation measure 
, its scaled behaviour with respect to pseudorapidity window (
), and the dynamical net-charge fluctuations per unit entropy. Additionally, the strength of fluctuations is studied for identified particle species, including pions, kaons, and protons. A comparative approach with Pb-Pb collisions at 5.5 TeV is employed to differentiate between initial-state effects and final-state interactions, with the aim of probing QGP-like signatures in small collision systems.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
