https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-07198-9
Regular Article
Dispersion controlled vector quartic solitons on a continuous-wave background: exact families and stability in coupled higher-order Schrödinger dynamic equation
1
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11432, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3
Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, 41411, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
a
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Received:
2
November
2025
Accepted:
9
December
2025
Published online:
7
January
2026
Abstract
We investigate four analytical families of vector quartic solitons (VQS) propagating on a continuous-wave background (CWB) in weakly birefringent optical fibers with 
, 
, and 
-order dispersion (OD). The resulting solutions, constructed from smooth combinations of hyperbolic functions, describe localized pulses as well as complementary bright–dark vector pairs. Their formation arises from the joint action of self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (CPM), four-wave mixing (FWM), and higher-order dispersion. Although the four subclasses differ in amplitude, wavenumber, and temporal width, they share a common frequency shift and propagation velocity, both fixed solely by the dispersion parameters. Closed-form algebraic constraints determine the existence ranges, while direct numerical simulations of the extended coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (NLSE) model demonstrate that all four families remain stable and preserve their profiles under additive white-noise perturbations. Altogether, the results provide a unified analytical description of CWB-supported vector quartic solitons and point to new opportunities for dispersion-managed slow-light and ultrafast photonic applications.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
