https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-07063-9
Regular Article
Detection of fuel adulteration levels in diesel by analyzing the shape changes of ultrashort pulses transmitted through hollow-core PCF sensor
1
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, 1704, Gazipur, Bangladesh
2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, 1216, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 77005, Houston, TX, USA
Received:
12
June
2025
Accepted:
12
November
2025
Published online:
28
November
2025
This article presents a novel approach for detecting the adulteration level of diesel based on the variations in the shape of ultrashort pulses transmitted through a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) sensor. The proposed technique leverages the fiber’s nonlinear and dispersion characteristics to evaluate how the shape of an ultrashort pulse evolves when propagating through a diesel-filled HC-PCF sensor. For each sample, the proposed sensor demonstrates distinct pulse compression for input pulses of picosecond duration. To quantify the observed shape variations, two key performance parameters, compression sensitivity and power upsurge, have been introduced. The proposed method achieves a minimum compression sensitivity of 16% and a maximum power upsurge of 648.072 W. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits a wide tunability range with respect to input pulse power (300–500 W) and pulse duration (1–3 ps), optimized across nine distinct input configurations. These findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed HC-PCF-based system as an efficient and tunable optical sensing platform for fuel adulteration detection.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
