https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-07056-8
Regular Article
Nielsen–Olesen vortex in QCD string from a new symmetric potential perspective
1
Faculty of Engineering, Center of Excellence in Quantum Technology, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand
2
Faculty of Science, Quantum-Atom Optics Laboratory and Research Center for Quantum Technology, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand
3
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand
4
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
5
Department of Optical Networks CESNET, a. l. e Generála Píky 430/26, Prague, Czech Republic
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Received:
21
March
2025
Accepted:
10
November
2025
Published online:
21
November
2025
Abstract
We introduce a new type of symmetric potential characterized by substantially degenerate vacua due to the characteristic periodic potential of the Higgs field. The new potential belongs to a class of field theories considered as approximations valid in the tree level. After analyzing its main properties and features, we have evaluated its quantum corrections where large instability emerged due to massive radial excitation. Nielsen–Olesen vortex solutions in integer and non-integer dimensions have been studied due to the relevance of fractal dimensions in high energy physics. It was observed that both the Higgs field and the gauge field decay even though their respective exponents are different. Compared to recent studies, our solutions give rise to critical radial position, which corresponds to the maximum negative value of the magnetic field. In fractal dimensions, it was observed that the magnetic field decreases with radial position and vanishes at a radial distance, which depends on the fractal dimension. The effects of the fractal dimension on the main problem have been illustrated and analyzed.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
