https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06967-w
Regular Article
Designing high-performance supercapattery electrodes and electrochemical sensors: exploiting structural and compositional synergies in CTF/ZnIn2S4@FeS2 for enhanced energy storage and sensing applications
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, 11001, Najran, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
3
Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, 140401, Rajpura, India
4
Department of Electrical Engineering, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
5
Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), 1 Ahmed El Zomor St., Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
6
Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
7
Integrated Materials Chemistry Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
8
Water Analysis Department, Central Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo 11613, Egypt
9
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Renewable Energy, Technical Engineering College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
a
hbalbargi@nu.edu.sa
b
energy4future.research@gmail.com
c
heba_elsabban@yu.ac.kr
d
mohamed.a.diab@yu.ac.kr
Received:
17
May
2025
Accepted:
15
October
2025
Published online:
3
November
2025
Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) have arisen as attractive energy storage systems due to their remarkable energy density, swift charge–discharge, and excellent cycling durability. However, designing electrodes with both high conductivity and redox activity remains a significant challenge. Here, a ternary composite of covalent triazine frameworks, zinc indium sulfide, and iron disulfide (CTF/ZnIn2S4@FeS2) was prepared via a hydrothermal technique. Structural and morphological characterizations (XRD, SEM, and XPS) confirmed the successful integration of all phases with enhanced surface area and stability. Electrochemically, the composite delivered a high specific capacity of 1884 C g−1 at 2 A g−1 and outstanding cycling durability, retaining 84% capacity after 12,000 loops. A hybrid device (CTF/ZnIn2S4@FeS2//AC) achieved a specific energy of 83.1Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1. Additional multifunctional studies, including glucose sensing, are presented in the Supplementary Information. These results establish CTF/ZnIn2S4@FeS2 as a promising electrode for next-generation supercapatteries.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06967-w.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
