https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06994-7
Regular Article
Coherent manipulation of sensitivity of structure plasmon polariton waves
1
Department of Physics, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan
2
School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
3
Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, KPK, Pakistan
Received:
7
October
2024
Accepted:
25
October
2025
Published online:
1
November
2025
In this manuscript, the sensitivity of structure plasmon polariton waves is coherently manipulated by driving structured light field at the interface between four-level atomic medium and silver silica nanocomposite material. The phase and spatial profile of the control fields 
are modulated to adjust both the real part of the SPPs dispersion relation and the imaginary part or damping to accomplish regimes of propagation, in which losses are dominated by energy transport. The structured light or spatial field distribution of control fields shows crater peak-like behavior of interference effects, and the sensitivity is enhanced with the azimuthal quantum number 
of the control fields. The maximum value of sensitivity is reported to be 492 deg/RIU at topological charge, 
and further enhances with increasing azimuthal quantum number . This coherence-induced controllability offers a good approach for optimizing plasmonic propagation and enhancing sensitivity and advance plasmonster technology.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
