https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06883-z
Regular Article
Two-dimensional pentamode materials with a square lattice for underwater cloaking
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Optoelectronics and Nanophotonics Research Laboratory (ONRL), Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
Received:
10
April
2025
Accepted:
22
September
2025
Published online:
5
October
2025
An innovative numerical study on underwater acoustic cloaking is presented, employing two-dimensional pentamode materials arranged in a square lattice configuration. The pentamode structure, composed of aluminum and submerged in water within an air background, achieves effective broadband cloaking with a lattice constant of 10 mm. The total scattering cross section is reduced to approximately 0.25 over the frequency range of 1 – 18 kHz. In addition, far field pressure distributions are analyzed, showing a reduction in scattered pressure amplitude from 0.1 Pa for the aluminum block to 0.05 Pa for the acoustic cloak, confirming significant scattering suppression and minimal disturbance to the surrounding acoustic field. The robustness of the cloak under realistic environmental factors, including hydrostatic pressure and water temperature variations, has also been investigated, demonstrating the design’s practical applicability. While prior studies have predominantly utilized hexagonal or circular lattice geometries, this work explores the relatively less-studied square lattice arrangement, indicating its promising potential for underwater acoustic cloaking applications. These results underscore the versatility of square-lattice pentamode microstructures for practical and reliable underwater stealth technologies.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
