https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06762-7
Regular Article
Coherent control of the Goos–Hänchen shift and optical switching in a radio-frequency-driven four-level atomic system
School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, 434023, Jingzhou, People’s Republic of China
a
ahushuitao@126.com
b
wenxingyang2@126.com
Received:
13
April
2025
Accepted:
14
August
2025
Published online:
4
September
2025
We propose an effective scheme to control the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of a reflected beam in a metal-clad waveguide structure. A cold atomic ensemble with a radio-frequency-driven four-level configuration is employed as the substrate. Under the action of the radio-frequency field, the GH shift of the reflected beam is sensitively dependent upon the relative phase of the applied fields. Combined with the relative phase, we can modulate the intensity of the radio-frequency field to achieve the coherent manipulation of GH shift. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the magnitude, sign and position of the reflected GH shift can be coherently controlled via tuning the intensity of the driving field as well as the atomic density. Finally, we propose a scheme for such a configuration of the reflected GH shift as a family of optical switchings. Based on the numerical analysis, the average port spacing of the 
optical switching can reach approximately 
with 
being the light wavelength.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
