https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06760-9
Regular Article
Climatic response of rice soup mortar used in heritage structures under the influence of humidity and temperature
1
School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, 632014, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618, Lublin, Poland
3
CO2 Research & Green Technologies Center, Vellore Institute of Technology, 632 014, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Received:
7
February
2025
Accepted:
16
August
2025
Published online:
13
September
2025
The objective of this study is to examine the role of rice soup mortar in three different climate zones, each characterized by varying temperature and humidity. Organic analysis techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), were used to identify the phytochemical compounds present, such as fatty acids, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and alcohols. Advanced analytical methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), were employed to investigate the hydrated phases and microstructure of the organic lime mortar samples. Regarding compressive strength, Zone 1 outperformed the other zones, with the S2 sample (2% concentration) exhibiting the highest compressive strength of 2.63 N/mm2. The carbonation initiated the calcite and aragonite formations, whereas portlandite, tobermorite, afwillite, and anorthite were hydration products. At low temperatures, the transformed polymorphs are calcite, while at high temperatures, the polymorphs are aragonite and calcite. Overall, Zone 1 excelled in all aspects, indicating that temperature and humidity significantly influence the strength, mineralogical composition, and morphological formation of the mortar.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
