https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06749-4
Regular Article
Deciphering the structure of 
1
Department of Physics, Liaoning Normal University, 116029, Dalian, China
2
Center for Theoretical and Experimental High Energy Physics, Liaoning Normal University, 116029, Dalian, China
Received:
4
March
2025
Accepted:
29
July
2025
Published online:
12
September
2025
Inspired by the charmonium(-like) state of reported by LHCb recently, we examine its tetraquark and molecular interpretations in the framework of QCD sum rules, and 
states interpretation in the Bethe-Salpeter formalism and 
model. Results show that the masses of 
hidden-charm tetraquark and molecular are 
GeV and 
GeV, respectively, which do not fit well with the mass of the . On the other hand, the mass and decay width of 
state is 3.95 GeV and 65.28 MeV, respectively, which indicates that could be embedded into 
charmonium configuration.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
