https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06747-6
Regular Article
Resilience of a life-Phase CXNC epidemic model
1
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Mathematics, S.A Engineering College, Chennai, India
a
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Received:
7
July
2025
Accepted:
10
August
2025
Published online:
28
August
2025
Infectious diseases can rapidly spread through densely populated communities, posing serious threats to public health. To capture the complex dynamics of disease transmission across different age groups, we develop a novel life-phase CXNC epidemic model, an extension of the classical SEIS framework structured by both age and duration. The model incorporates age-specific recruitment and mortality rates, emphasizing the role of chronological age in epidemiological planning. Using techniques from the theory of partial differential equations and integral operators, we derive a separable expression for the basic reproduction number 
. We rigorously establish the local and global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium when 
and identify conditions for the persistence of an endemic steady state when 
. Numerical simulations are performed using MATLAB to illustrate the theoretical findings. This study offers valuable insights into age-dependent disease dynamics and contributes to the theoretical understanding of structured epidemic models.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
