https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06737-8
Regular Article
Structural, optical, and dielectric properties of Al–Zn co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method
1
Department of Physics, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, 8100, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, 8100, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
a
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b
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Received:
24
March
2025
Accepted:
6
August
2025
Published online:
18
August
2025
This study reports the preparation and characterization of Al and Zn co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by the co-precipitation method. The samples were prepared at different Al and Zn concentrations ranging from 0 to 5%. The nanoparticles were then examined using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dielectric spectroscopy. With an average crystallite size of 5.52–3.14 nm, the XRD study shows that both the undoped and doped SnO2 nanoparticles have a rutile structure. The FTIR measurement confirms metal oxide bonding. Doping of Al and Zn atoms is seen to raise the optical band gap from 3.64 to 5.76 eV. The SEM images show the formation of spheroidal nanoparticles of size 37 to 25 nm. At low frequencies, the AC conductivity of the used samples is independent of concentration and the conductivity was found to be of lower value. However, when the frequency of the applied field was gradually increased, the AC conductivity also increased. This rising frequency increases the hopping frequency of electrons. As the concentration of Al and Zn ions increases, the overall values of tanδ drop across the samples.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
