https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06664-8
Regular Article
Structured superpositions of nonuniform vortex beams for distinct intensity patterns
1
Faculty of Physics, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jarib Street, 81746–73441, Isfahan, Iran
2
Center of Quantum Science and Technology (CQST), University of Isfahan, Hezar Jarib, Isfahan, Iran
a
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Received:
15
April
2025
Accepted:
17
July
2025
Published online:
6
August
2025
We present a theoretical and experimental study on the generation and propagation of nonuniform vortex beams (NUVBs) with controlled phase jump (PJ) positions. Unlike conventional Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes, NUVBs offer additional degrees of freedom by adjusting the azimuthal separation of PJs, enabling the creation of diverse intensity and phase distributions. We derive analytical expressions for the far-field amplitude of NUVBs and validate our findings through numerical simulations and experiments. Furthermore, we generate NUVBs and investigate their superpositions, demonstrating the impact of PJ positioning on intensity patterns. Our results indicate that varying PJ locations produces significantly lower correlation between intensity profiles, facilitating robust optical communication. A total of 256 optimal superposition states were selected to transmit an image, successfully decoded at the receiver without errors.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06664-8.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
